IntroductionCardiology is characterized by its state-of-the-art biomedical technology and the predominance of Evidence-Based Medicine. This predominance makes it difficult for healthcare professionals to deal with the ethical dilemmas that emerge in this subspecialty. This paper is a first endeavor to empirically investigate the axiological foundations of the healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital. Our pilot study selected, as the target population, cardiology personnel not only because of their difficult ethical deliberations but also because of the stringent conditions in which they (...) have to make them. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconsider clinical ethics and Value-Based Medicine. This study proposes a qualitative analysis of the values and the virtues of healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital in order to establish how the former impact upon the medical and ethical decisions made by the latter.ResultsWe point out the need for strengthening the roles of healthcare personnel as educators and guidance counselors in order to meet the ends of medicine, as well as the need for an ethical discernment that is compatible with our results, namely, that the ethical values developed by healthcare professionals stem from their life history as well as their professional education.ConclusionWe establish the kind of actions, communication skills and empathy that are required to build a stronger patient-healthcare professional relationship, which at the same time improves prognosis, treatment efficiency and therapeutic adhesion. (shrink)

Theory‐of‐mind (ToM) is an integral part of social cognition, but how it develops remains a critical question. There is evidence that children can gain insight into ToM through experience, including language training and explanatory interactions. But this still leaves open the question of how children gain these insights—what processes drive this learning? We propose that analogical comparison is a key mechanism in the development of ToM. In Experiment 1, children were shown true‐ and false‐belief scenarios and prompted to engage in (...) multiple comparisons (e.g., belief vs. world). In Experiments 2a, 2b, and 3, children saw a series of true‐ and false‐belief events, varying in order and in their alignability. Across these experiments, we found that providing support for comparing true‐ and false‐belief scenarios led to increased performance on false‐belief tests. These findings show that analogical comparison can support ToM learning. (shrink)

El propósito de este trabajo es ofrecer un análisis de la discusión sobre el canibalismo y los sacrificios humanos de los indígenas en el contexto de la controversia entre Las Casas y Sepúlveda. Dicho análisis es muy relevante, en tanto que permite observar las raíces más remotas del actual derecho de intervención y de la doctrina de los derechos humanos. Para tal fin, el autor empieza con una rápida descripción de los motivos que condujeron a la disputa de Valladolid, al (...) tiempo que enuncia los cuatro puntos en discusión. En segundo lugar, realiza una descripción más o menos detallada del cuarto argumento de la controversia, que trata en concreto sobre los sacrificios humanos y el canibalismo indígena. Y concluye mostrando que, al justificar estas prácticas, Las Casas busca ante todo la integración de las culturas indígenas en el marco general del conocimiento histórico universal. (shrink)

El texto de Oscar Robledo nos transporta hacia un París muy distinto de aquel de las postales, donde convive la miseria del mundo con la opulencia de los “exitosos”. Una ciudad hermosa y brillante, donde polulan también los cuerpos semiproletarizados de los estudiantes latinoamericanos y tantos otros inmigrantes; los mismos que viven en 12 metros cuadrados y que combaten la soledad, el hambre y la precariedad mediante el calor de sus cuerpos y los encuentros sexuales casi frenéticos. Más allá de (...) los lugares comunes y los estereotipos, la descripción de la vida de estos seres insertos en una de las ciudades más ricas del mundo, es una crónica del subdesarrollo en el corazón del país que inventó el lujo. Es la historia de tantos soñadores ávidos de una cultura que apenas los recibe con la indiferencia de quien se siente parte de una civilización “superior”. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como meta explorar e expandir a concepção temporal em sua dimensão do passado na logoterapia a partir da imagem do celeiro utilizada por Viktor Frankl. Cotejamos, ao longo do texto, a concepção frankliana do passado com formulações filosóficas de diversos autores, buscando, assim, melhor entendimento sobre o fenômeno do tempo para a análise existencial. Após o cotejo, abordamos outro problema no âmbito do tempo que aparece ao incluirmos a perspectiva temporal transhumanista no horizonte de pesquisa do campo (...) logoterapêutico. (shrink)

An examination of verbal hallucinations and thought insertion as examples of "alienated self-consciousness.".

A central question in human development is how young children gain knowledge so fast. We propose that analogical generalization drives much of this early learning and allows children to generate new abstractions from experience. In this paper, we review evidence for analogical generalization in both children and adults. We discuss how analogical processes interact with the child's changing knowledge base to predict the course of learning, from conservative to domain-general understanding. This line of research leads to challenges to existing assumptions (...) about learning. It shows that it is not enough to consider the distribution of examples given to learners; one must consider the processes learners are applying; contrary to the general assumption, maximizing variability is not always the best route for maximizing generalization and transfer. (shrink)

Despite the expansion of the regulatory state, we continue to witness widespread unethical practices across society. This paper addresses these challenges of ethical failure, misalignment, and dissonance by developing a conceptual framework that provides an explicit basis for understanding virtuousness and the common good directed toward the goal of eudaimonia or human flourishing. While much of the literature on virtuousness has focused on the organization, this paper uses a more comprehensive understanding that also incorporates the agent and the economy examined (...) through their relational order. The common good provides direction for guiding behavior of all the various stakeholders and the context for understanding virtuousness, while it is through virtuousness that the common good is effectively realized. Virtuousness and the common good are therefore in effect ‘two sides of the same coin.’ This paper develops a virtuousness–common good conceptual framework which explores the basis for harmonizing the goals of the individual, organization, and the economy. (shrink)

En este artículo se presenta una aproximación al tratamiento otorgado a los judíos migrantes de Asia a América y Colombia entre 1880 y 1930, principalmente desde las legislaciones que se produjeron. Dicho contexto legal, acompañado de la mención a la discusión sobre la cuestión de la raza que se realizó en 1920, permiten plantear que en el contexto de la modernización que se estaba produciendo en el continente americano, los judíos que ingresaran a los países correspondientes debían comprometerse con los (...) programas de desarrollo y progreso de las naciones. (shrink)

En el siguiente artículo, el planteamiento filosófico-metafísico de Lévinas es abordado desde su formulación de la subjetividad como Yo y Mismo hasta la aparición del Otro, para plantear que la idea de lo infinito anuncia la orientación del Mismo hacia el Otro. De este modo, la noción de pluralismo en Lévinas queda enmarcada en dos condiciones fundamentales: la subjetividad separada fundada en la idea de lo infinito, y su orientación hacia el Otro que proviene de la idea de lo infinito (...) en el Otro. (shrink)

Cardiology is characterized by its state-of-the-art biomedical technology and the predominance of Evidence-Based Medicine. This predominance makes it difficult for healthcare professionals to deal with the ethical dilemmas that emerge in this subspecialty. This paper is a first endeavor to empirically investigate the axiological foundations of the healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital. Our pilot study selected, as the target population, cardiology personnel not only because of their difficult ethical deliberations but also because of the stringent conditions in which they (...) have to make them. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconsider clinical ethics and Value-Based Medicine. This study proposes a qualitative analysis of the values and the virtues of healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital in order to establish how the former impact upon the medical and ethical decisions made by the latter. (shrink)

desde tiempos inmemorables el hombre ha cuestionado el mundo que lo rodea y el porqué de los fenómenos que diariamente observa en la naturaleza, al igual que se ha interesado por estudiar el comportamiento humano y la explicación de las interacciones humanas. En la búsqueda por explicar lo que le rodea, el hombre ha propuesto hipótesis que con el paso del tiempo se han podido verificar o falsear, ese conjunto de conocimientos que se ha logrado confirmar o refutar es lo (...) que se conoce como ciencia y el conjunto de pasos que se siguen para poder confirmarlos es lo que se conoce como método científico. Este artículo busca hacer un análisis de las distintas definiciones de ciencia que se han conocido provenientes de pensadores y filósofos a lo largo de la historia; se realiza un análisis de la categorización de métodos científicos aplicados para la generación de conocimiento y cómo la filosofía aporta para la generación de este. (shrink)

:This article analyzes the criteria for the distribution of healthcare services through different justice theories such as utilitarianism and liberalism, pointing out the problems that arise when providing services to a culturally diverse population. The international epidemiological setting is a favorable one for discussing personal responsibility and luck egalitarianism; however, some provisions have to be made so that healthcare institutions do not treat ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic minorities unfairly. The article concludes by proposing that accommodations and culturally sensible attention (...) should be provided when possible, without affecting the equal opportunity of others to access these services. (shrink)

En este ensayo se examina de manera crítica el desarrollo de la filosofía analítica y, en particular, de la filosofía analítica latinoamericana. Se propone que esta última adopte un giro político y uno pedagógico con el fin de recuperar su espíritu original y reconectarse con la tradición intelectual latinoamericana. This essay is a critical examination of the development of analytic philosophy and, in particular, of Latin American analytic philosophy. It is argued that the latter ought to adopt a political and (...) pedagogical turn in order to recover its original spirit and to be reconnected to Latin American intelectual tradition. (shrink)

This article discusses the notion of justice from a capabilities approach. We undertake an empirical analysis of the concepts of justice held by healthcare personnel, gleaned from a qualitative analysis of interviews on the subject of ethical dilemmas in everyday practice. The article states that Justice undoubtedly presents a work in progress, which implicates the link between justice as capability and human dignity.We empirically found a contrast between the views of justice based on the patient's own perceptions and those based (...) on the perceptions of healthcare personnel. We establish the kind of actions, communication skills and justice required to build a stronger relationship between patients and healthcare professionals, which would improve prognosis, treatment efficiency and therapeutic adhesion. (shrink)

Este texto, bem como as pesquisas que realizamos, tem como meta dar visibilidade às leituras literárias destinadas ao público infantil e juvenil, que enfatizem o tema étnico-racial, ou ainda, títulos que incluam a real participação de personagens negras, costumes afro-brasileiros e informações culturais produtoras de identificação entre o leitor e a narrativa, contribuindo, assim, com as mudanças atuais na história da educação brasileira. Neste texto, apresentamos seis títulos da Editora SM, que, em seu catálogo editorial para 2008/2009, dos 173 títulos (...) publicados, 20 títulos trazem a presença da cultura africana e afro-brasileira. Dos 20, optou-se pela análise de cinco títulos. Da análise desses títulos, constatou-se, acima de tudo, que um dos caminhos para o entendimento e a consciência acerca da pluralidade cultural está também na apropriação da leitura literária produtora de identidade e inclusão social. (shrink)

Resumo : Este texto, bem como as pesquisas que realizamos, tem como meta dar visibilidade às leituras literárias destinadas ao público infantil e juvenil, que enfatizem o tema étnico-racial, ou ainda, títulos que incluam a real participação de personagens negras, costumes afro-brasileiros e informações culturais produtoras de identificação entre o leitor e a narrativa, contribuindo, assim, com as mudanças atuais na história da educação brasileira. Neste texto, apresentamos seis títulos da Editora SM, que, em seu catálogo editorial para 2008/2009, dos (...) 173 títulos publicados, 20 títulos trazem a presença da cultura africana e afro-brasileira. Dos 20, optou-se pela análise de cinco títulos. Da análise desses títulos, constatou-se, acima de tudo, que um dos caminhos para o entendimento e a consciência acerca da pluralidade cultural está também na apropriação da leitura literária produtora de identidade e inclusão social. Palavras-chave : Literatura infantil. Cultura africana. Cultura afro-brasileira. Étnicoracial.: This text, as well as research we have conducted, aims to promote literary readings meant for children and youngsters which focus on racial and ethnic issues, or titles which effectively include black characters, Afro-Brazilian customs and cultural information leading the reader to identify with the narrative and, consequently, helping promote changes in the current Brazilian education history. To pursue these goals, we present six titles published by Editora SM , whose 2008/ 2009 catalog contains 20 titles (out of 173) incorporating elements of the African and Afro-Brazilian culture. From the 20 titles, we selected five to be analyzed. The main finding is that one way of gaining understanding and awareness of cultural plurality is also by incorporating literary readings which promote identity and social inclusion. Keywords : Children’s literature. African culture. Culture afro-brazilian. Racial and ethnic issues. (shrink)

El artículo presenta algunas consideraciones sobre el problema de la fundamentación de los juicios morales; se incursiona en tendencias contemporáneas en torno de dicho debate: la concepción biogenética, un modelo de racionalidad apriorística y la propuesta Wittgensteiniana.

El enfoque pragmadialéctico, por su agenda investigativa, ha entrado en fecundo diálogo con la perspectiva teórica ofrecida por los miembros de la escuela de Lugano,diálogo del que se tienen escasas o nulas referencias en español. Este artículo quiere ofrecer un primer acercamiento al modo en que los estudiosos de Lugano entienden la argumentación y algunos instrumentos que proponen para su análisis y evaluación. Se espera por una parte dar a conocer el trabajo de ellos, y por otra contribuir a la (...) discusión acerca de la pragmadialéctica y de la teoría de la argumentación en general desde el ámbito hispanoamericano. (shrink)

The fitting attitude analysis of value states that for objects to have value is for them to be the fitting targets of attitudes. Good objects are the fitting targets of positive attitudes, while bad objects are the fitting targets of negative attitudes. The following paper presents an argument to the effect that value and the fittingness of attitudes differ in terms of their explanations. Whereas the fittingness of attitudes is explained, inter alia, by both the properties of attitudes and those (...) of their fitting targets, the explanation of value tends to have a different content. In particular, objects have value in virtue of the features that make them valuable, and these need not involve any attitudinal properties. If this is right, then there are reasons to doubt the claim that for objects to have value is just for them to be the fitting targets of attitudes. Insofar as value is a property, it appears to be distinct from the property of objects being the fitting targets of attitudes. (shrink)

Hume's Reception in Early America: Expanded Edition brings together the original American responses to one of Britain's greatest men of letters, David Hume. Now available as a single volume paperback, this new edition includes updated further readings suggestions and dozens of additional primary sources gathered together in a completely new concluding section. From complete pamphlets and booklets, to poems, reviews, and letters, to extracts from newspapers, religious magazines and literary and political journals, this book's contents come from a wide variety (...) of sources published in colonial America and the early United States between 1758 and 1850. As well as classics by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, it contains scores of unknown and hard-to-locate items, many of which have not been reprinted since their original publication. These responses are divided into four parts covering Hume's Essays; his Philosophical Writings; his History of England; and his Character and Death. Each of those parts has a separate introductory essay, and every selection is introduced by a short headnote that sets the piece in its historical context and provides bibliographical references. Packed with new insights into Hume and American thought and culture, Hume's Reception in Early America reveals the relevance and impact of Hume on American political, philosophical, historical, religious, and aesthetic debates. (shrink)

Literature on maternal exposures and the risk of epigenetic changes or diseases in the offspring is growing. Paternal contributions are often not considered. However, some animal and epidemiologic studies on various contaminants, nutrition, and lifestyle‐related conditions suggest a paternal influence on the offspring's future health. The phenotypic outcomes may have been attributed to DNA damage or mutations, but increasing evidence shows that the inheritance of environmentally induced functional changes of the genome, and related disorders, are (also) driven by epigenetic components. (...) In this essay we suggest the existence of epigenetic windows of susceptibility to environmental insults during sperm development. Changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and non‐coding RNAs are viable mechanistic candidates for a non‐genetic transfer of paternal environmental information, from maturing germ cell to zygote. Inclusion of paternal factors in future research will ultimately improve the understanding of transgenerational epigenetic plasticity and health‐related effects in future generations. (shrink)